Before you buy a single roll, understand the different types of decorative wallpaper available and how they perform. Not all wallpapers are created equal, and the material dictates durability, installation ease, and how it looks years down the line.
Choosing the right wallpaper material
The substrate, or base material, of your wallpaper significantly impacts its appearance, application, and longevity. For most residential applications, you’ll encounter four main types:
1. Paper wallpaper
This is the most traditional and often the most affordable option. Paper wallpapers are made from compressed paper pulp. They come in a vast array of designs, colors, and patterns, making them incredibly versatile for cosmetic changes.
Pros:
- Wide variety of designs.
- Generally less expensive than other options.
- Environmentally friendly as they are often recyclable.
Cons:
- Less durable and prone to tearing, especially during installation.
- Susceptible to moisture damage, making them unsuitable for high-humidity areas like bathrooms or kitchens.
- Can fade over time with prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.
- May show seams more prominently than other materials.
Best for: Bedrooms, dining rooms, formal living areas where moisture and heavy traffic are minimal.
2. Vinyl wallpaper
Vinyl wallpapers are a popular choice due to their durability and washability. They consist of a paper or fabric backing with a vinyl coating on top. This coating makes them resistant to moisture and stains, and they can often be wiped clean.
Pros:
- Highly durable and resistant to tearing.
- Water-resistant and scrubbable, ideal for kitchens and bathrooms.
- Good for high-traffic areas.
- Available in a wide range of patterns, including realistic textures like wood or brick.
Cons:
- Can be more expensive than plain paper wallpaper.
- Less breathable, which can sometimes lead to moisture trapped behind the wallpaper if not installed properly, especially on older walls.
- May have a slightly less ‘natural’ feel compared to paper or fabric wallpapers.
Best for: Kitchens, bathrooms, kids’ rooms, hallways, and any area that requires frequent cleaning.
3. Non-woven wallpaper
Non-woven wallpaper is made from a blend of synthetic fibers and paper pulp. This construction gives it a unique set of properties, making it one of the easiest wallpapers to install and remove. It’s breathable, durable, and doesn’t expand or contract significantly with changes in humidity.
Pros:
- Extremely easy to install (paste the wall application is common).
- Easy to remove – often peels off in one piece when dry.
- Breathable, reducing the risk of mold and mildew.
- Durable and resistant to tearing.
- Good for most rooms in the house.
Cons:
- Can be more expensive than basic paper wallpaper.
- The range of intricate textured finishes might be less than vinyl.
Best for: Almost any room, especially if you value ease of installation and removal, like renters or DIY enthusiasts.
4. Fabric wallpaper
These wallpapers feature a fabric surface, such as linen, silk, grasscloth, or natural fibers, adhered to a paper or vinyl backing. They add a luxurious texture and depth to walls, creating a sophisticated and warm ambiance.
Pros:
- Offers a rich, luxurious texture and visual appeal.
- Can help to insulate and soundproof a room slightly.
- Unique, high-end aesthetic.
Cons:
- Most expensive option.
- Difficult to clean; generally spot clean only.
- Prone to staining and damage from moisture.
- Installation can be more challenging and may require professional help.
- Not recommended for high-traffic or humid areas.
Best for: Master bedrooms, formal living rooms, dining rooms, or accent walls where luxury and a unique tactile quality are desired.
Understanding wallpaper construction: Beyond the surface
The ‘type’ of wallpaper often refers to its top surface, but the construction behind it matters for installation and durability. There are two main constructions:
1. Standard (Pre-pasted or Unpasted)
This is the traditional method where you apply adhesive to the back of the wallpaper (unpasted) or activate a pre-applied adhesive with water (pre-pasted). Paper and some vinyl wallpapers often come in this format.
- Unpasted: Requires you to apply wallpaper paste to the wall or the back of the paper. Gives you more control over the adhesive but is messier and takes longer.
- Pre-pasted: The adhesive is already on the back. You usually soak the paper in water to activate it. Easier than unpasted but can be trickier to position accurately.
2. Peel and Stick
These wallpapers have an adhesive backing, similar to a large sticker. They are incredibly popular for DIY projects and rentals because they are easy to apply and remove without damaging the underlying wall surface. Most peel and stick wallpapers are made from vinyl or a similar synthetic material.
Pros:
- Extremely easy to apply and reposition.
- No messy paste or tools required.
- Ideal for renters or temporary decor.
- Damage-free removal.
Cons:
- Can be more expensive per roll than traditional wallpapers.
- May not adhere well to heavily textured walls or surfaces that are not smooth and clean.
- Durability and longevity can sometimes be less than traditional wallpapers, especially in high-moisture or high-heat areas.
- A limited selection of premium textures compared to traditional options.
Best for: Accent walls, temporary decor, kids’ rooms, dorm rooms, apartments, and small DIY projects.
Key considerations before you buy
Beyond material and construction, several factors will influence your final decision and ensure you get the best decorative wallpaper for your walls.
1. Durability and maintenance
How will the wallpaper hold up to daily life? Consider the traffic in the room, the likelihood of spills or scuffs, and how easy it needs to be to clean.
- High-traffic areas (hallways, kids’ rooms): Opt for durable, scrubbable options like vinyl or high-quality non-woven.
- Moisture-prone areas (bathrooms, kitchens): Vinyl is your best bet. Ensure proper installation to prevent moisture from getting behind it.
- Low-traffic areas (bedrooms, formal living rooms): Paper or fabric wallpapers can work well if you are careful.
2. Installation complexity
Are you a seasoned DIYer or a beginner? Some wallpapers are significantly easier to hang than others.
- Easiest: Peel and stick, followed closely by non-woven (especially ‘paste the wall’ types).
- Moderate: Pre-pasted paper or vinyl.
- Most difficult: Unpasted paper, fabric, grasscloth, or wallpapers with complex patterns requiring precise matching.
For intricate patterns or delicate materials like fabric, consider hiring a professional. Improper installation can ruin the look and the material itself.
3. Pattern scale and repeat
The scale of a pattern (how large the design elements are) and the pattern repeat (how often the design repeats) are crucial for the overall look.
- Small rooms: Generally benefit from smaller-scale patterns or subtle textures. Large, busy patterns can make a small space feel even smaller.
- Large rooms: Can handle larger, bolder patterns.
- Pattern repeat: A large pattern repeat means you’ll need more wallpaper to cover the wall, as you’ll be discarding more to match the design. Check the pattern repeat information on the roll; it’s usually indicated in inches. A smaller repeat is more economical.
4. Budget
Wallpaper prices vary dramatically. Paper wallpapers are typically the least expensive, while fabric and high-end vinyl or grasscloth wallpapers can be significantly more costly.
- Budget-friendly: Standard paper, some vinyl options, and peel-and-stick for smaller projects.
- Mid-range: Most non-woven and good-quality vinyl.
- Premium: Fabric, grasscloth, textured natural fibers, and designer collections.
Remember to factor in the cost of supplies (primer, adhesive, tools) and potential professional installation if you’re not doing it yourself.
5. Lighting and room orientation
The amount of natural light a room receives can affect how wallpaper colors and textures appear. Darker papers might make a north-facing room feel too dim, while a very glossy finish could cause glare in a bright, sunny room.
- North-facing rooms (cooler light): Warmer tones or lighter colors tend to work best.
- South-facing rooms (warmer light): Can handle cooler tones or bolder patterns.
- Glossy finishes: Can reflect light and make a space feel brighter, but may also cause glare. Matte finishes absorb light for a softer look.
Installation: What you absolutely need to know
Even the most beautiful decorative wallpaper won’t look good if it’s not installed correctly. Here are critical points to consider:
1. Wall preparation is non-negotiable
This is the most common area where mistakes are made, leading to peeling, bubbling, or visible imperfections. Your walls must be:
- Clean: Free from dust, grease, cobwebs, and any residue.
- Smooth: Fill any holes or cracks and sand them smooth. Minor imperfections will show through thinner wallpapers.
- Dry: Ensure walls are completely dry, especially after washing or priming.
- Primed: Using a wallpaper primer is essential. It seals the wall, creating an even surface for the adhesive to grip, and makes future removal much easier. For a comprehensive guide, check out our Essential Guide to Wallpaper Liner, which covers preparation in detail.
2. Measure twice, cut once
Accurate measurements are crucial to avoid waste and ensure patterns align. Always measure the height of your wall and add 4-6 inches to account for trimming at the ceiling and baseboard. When cutting strips, account for the pattern repeat – you’ll need more paper if the repeat is large.
3. Handling seams
Seams are where two strips of wallpaper meet. Proper seam management is key to a seamless look.
- Butt seams: For most wallpapers, strips should be hung with edges touching but not overlapping.
- Pattern matching: Ensure the pattern aligns perfectly at the seam. This is critical and can be time-consuming.
- Overlapping (rare): Some older vinyls or specific types might require a slight overlap, but this is uncommon now and can be visible. Always follow manufacturer instructions.
4. Dealing with corners and outlets
These areas require careful cutting and fitting.
- Inside corners: Hang the wallpaper strip so it slightly overlaps the corner onto the adjacent wall (about 1/2 to 1 inch). Then, hang the next strip, ensuring it is perfectly plumb (straight vertically), and trim the excess where the two strips meet in the corner.
- Outside corners: Wrap the wallpaper around the corner by about 1/2 inch and then continue the next strip on the new wall, ensuring it is plumb.
- Outlets and switches: Cut an ‘X’ in the wallpaper over the outlet or switch plate. Fold the flaps back and trim them neatly around the opening. Once the wallpaper is dry, you can reattach the cover plates.
5. Working with different wallpaper types
- Pre-pasted: Follow the soaking instructions precisely. Too little time and the paste won’t activate; too long and it can get gummy.
- Paste-the-wall (non-woven): Apply paste directly to the wall, hang the dry strip, and smooth it out. This is generally easier and cleaner.
- Peel and stick: Start at the top and carefully align the edge. Peel the backing away slowly as you smooth the wallpaper onto the wall with a squeegee or your hands. You can often lift and reposition mistakes.
Maintenance and longevity
How you care for your wallpaper will determine how long it stays looking fresh.
- Cleaning: For washable wallpapers (vinyl, some non-wovens), use a soft sponge and mild soap and water. Avoid abrasive cleaners. For delicate papers, spot clean only or consult the manufacturer’s guide.
- Sunlight: Prolonged direct sunlight can fade wallpaper over time. Consider window treatments if your wallpaper is in a very sunny spot.
- Moisture: Ensure bathrooms and kitchens have adequate ventilation to prevent moisture buildup behind the wallpaper.
- Repairs: Small tears or bubbles can sometimes be fixed with a dab of wallpaper adhesive or by carefully smoothing out air pockets with a seam roller.
When to consider paintable wallpaper
If you love the texture and coverage of wallpaper but want the flexibility to change colors easily, paintable wallpaper is an excellent option. It typically features a textured surface, often vinyl or embossed paper, designed to accept paint. You can find detailed information in our Paintable Wallpaper: The Ultimate Guide.
Beyond the basics: Special finishes and applications
The world of decorative wallpaper extends beyond standard finishes. Consider these options for a unique look:
1. Textured wallpapers
These add depth and interest. Options include embossed patterns, grasscloth (woven natural fibers like seagrass or jute), cork, and fabric textures.
- Grasscloth: Offers a natural, organic look. It’s delicate and usually requires professional installation and spot cleaning only.
- Embossed: Creates a raised design, often mimicking finishes like stucco or fabric.
2. Metallic and foil wallpapers
These wallpapers have metallic inks or foil layers that reflect light, adding a glamorous shimmer. They can make a room feel brighter and more sophisticated but are also unforgiving of wall imperfections.
3. Murals and custom prints
For a dramatic statement, consider large-scale murals or custom-designed prints. These can transform a room into a specific scene or showcase a unique piece of art.
- Installation: Murals often come in numbered panels and require careful alignment. Custom prints may need professional installation.
- Cost: Can be significantly more expensive than standard wallpaper rolls.
4. Wallpapers for specific rooms
- Living Rooms: Wide range of options from subtle textures to bold patterns. Consider damask wallpaper for timeless elegance, as explored in our Damask Wallpaper Guide.
- Bedrooms: Softer colors, calming patterns, or luxurious textures are popular.
- Kitchens and Bathrooms: Must be moisture-resistant and washable. Vinyl is ideal.
- Kids’ Rooms: Durable, scrubbable, and fun patterns. Peel-and-stick is great for easy updates.
Common mistakes to avoid
Steer clear of these pitfalls for a successful wallpaper project:
- Skipping primer: Leads to poor adhesion and difficult removal.
- Not checking for dye lot numbers: Rolls from different dye lots can have slight color variations. Always ensure all rolls have the same number.
- Ignoring pattern repeat: Underestimating the amount of paper needed due to a large repeat leads to extra trips to the store and potential color mismatches.
- Hanging in a humid environment: Avoid wallpapering a bathroom or kitchen just before or during a period of high humidity, as it can affect drying and adhesion.
- Over-trimming: Don’t trim too close to the ceiling or baseboard initially; leave a little excess to ensure a clean edge after it dries.
- Using the wrong adhesive: Some wallpapers require specific types of paste. Always check the manufacturer’s recommendation.
By understanding the materials, construction, and installation nuances, you can confidently choose and apply decorative wallpaper that will enhance your home for years to come. Whether you seek a subtle texture or a bold statement, the right wallpaper can truly transform your walls.